What Is an Integrating Sphere

How do engineers measure the total light output from an LED or laser, accurately and without angular bias?

As optical technology advances across industries like automotive, aerospace, and electronics, the need for precise, standardized light measurement becomes increasingly critical. One instrument that has become indispensable in labs and production lines alike is the Integrating Sphere.

But what exactly is it, how does it function, and why is it so crucial to accurate optical measurement?